The cystoscope is as thin as a pencil and has a light at the tip. Many cystoscopes have extra tubes to guide other instruments for surgical procedures to treat urinary problems. General anesthesia is sometimes used for operative cystoscopic procedures. In addition, when a patient has a urinary problem, the doctor may use a cystoscope to see the inside of the bladder and urethra. Ureteroscopy is described as an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with an endoscope that is passed all the way through the urethra, bladder, and then directly into the ureter. Ureter as we all know is the ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, passing anterior to the Psoas major.The urethra is said to be the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body according to scientists. The cystoscope has lenses like a telescope or microscope. These lenses let the doctor focus on the inner surfaces of the urinary tract. Some cystoscopes use optical fibres, which are flexible as glass fibres that carry an image from the tip of the instrument to a viewing piece at the other end.

This article is stressed cystoscopy as the endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. In anatomy as we all know, the urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular, and distensible or elastic organ that sits on the pelvic floor in mammals. It is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. This can be clearly seen under a inspection microscope. While the urethra, is a tube, which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both genders to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for sperm. To which the external urethral sphincter described as a smooth muscle that allows voluntary control over urination. Diagnostic cystoscopy is usually carried out with local anesthesia.

There are two main types of cystoscopy according to them it is the flexible and rigid cystoscopy. Differentiating from the flexibility of the cystoscope. Flexible cystoscopy is carried out using local anethesia on both sexes. Naturally, lidocaine gel such as the brand name Instillagel is used as an anesthetic, instilled in the urethra. And rigid cystoscopy can be performed under the same conditions, but is generally carried out under general anesthesia, particularly in male subjects, due to the pain caused by the probe. In humans, the ureters enter the bladder through the back, running within the wall of the bladder for a few centimeters. The ureters are muscular tubes that can propel urine along by the motions of peristalsis. Ureters can be clearly seen under a inspection microscope.  The procedure is useful in the diagnosis and the treatment of disorders such as kidney stones. The examination may be performed with either a flexible or a rigid fiberoptic device while the patient is under a general anesthetic. The patient is more often than not free to go home after the examination.Read more